Chinese philosophy: HSK 7-9 哲学思想：HSK 七至九级

佛教来自印度。

Fójiào láizì Yìndù.

Buddhism originated in India.

我们信仰佛教。

Wǒmen xìnyǎng Fójiào.

We believe in Buddhism.

孔子认为，仁就是爱人。

Kǒngzǐ rènwéi, rén jiùshì ài ren.

Confucius held that humaneness means loving others.

论语记录了孔子的言行。

Lúnyǔ jìlù le Kǒngzǐ de yánxíng.

The Analects records the words and deeds of Confucius.

你读过哪些儒家经书？

Nǐ dúguo nǎxiē rújiā jīngshū?

Which Confucian classics have you read?

儒家的经书，我读不懂。

Rújiā de jīngshū, wǒ dú bù dǒng.

I can't understand the Confucian classics.

你了解道家的思想吗？

Nǐ liǎojiě dàojiā de sīxiǎng ma?

Do you know much about Daoist thought?

老子是道家的创始人。

Lǎozi shì dàojiā de chuàngshǐrén.

Laozi is the founder of Daoism.

他爱和朋友聊哲理。

Tā ài hé péngyou liáo zhélǐ.

He likes to chat about philosophy with his friends.

这句话里有深刻的哲理。

Zhè jù huà lǐ yǒu shēnkè de zhélǐ.

There is deep philosophical thinking in this sentence.

孟子是儒家很重要的人物。

Mèngzǐ shì rújiā hěn zhòngyào de rénwù.

Mencius is a very important figure in Confucianism.

在孟子看来，义比生命更重要。

Zài Mèngzǐ kànlai, yì bǐ shēngmìng gèng zhòngyào.

In Mencius's view, righteousness is more important than life.

道德经是老子写的书。

Dàodéjīng shì lǎozi xiě de shū.

The Tao Te Ching is a book written by Laozi.

老子是一位影响很大的思想家。

Lǎozi shì yí wèi yǐngxiǎng hěn dà de sīxiǎngjiā.

Laozi was a very influential thinker.

我书架上有一本庄子。

Wǒ shūjià shàng yǒu yìběn Zhuāngzǐ.

I have a copy of the Zhuangzi on my bookshelf.

庄子喜欢用故事讲道理。

Zhuāngzǐ xǐhuan yòng gùshi jiǎngdàolǐ.

Zhuangzi liked to explain ideas through stories.

你最喜欢论语里的哪一句？

Nǐ zuì xǐhuan Lúnyǔ lǐ de nǎ yíjù?

Which line in the Analects do you like best?

心中有仁，才会关心别人。

Xīnzhōng yǒu rén, cái huì guānxīn biéren.

Only with benevolence in your heart will you care about others.

我不能收这份礼。

Wǒ bùnéng shōu zhè fèn lǐ.

I cannot accept this gift.

你觉得礼在今天还重要吗？

Nǐ juéde lǐ zài jīntiān hái zhòngyào ma?

Do you think propriety is still important today?

孝的意思是尊敬父母。

Xiào de yìsi shì zūnjìng fùmǔ.

Filial piety means respecting your parents.

忠和孝，哪个更重要？

Zhōng hé xiào, nǎge gèng zhòngyào?

Loyalty or filial piety, which is more important?

你该好好孝顺你奶奶。

Nǐ gāi hǎohǎo xiàoshùn nǐ nǎinai.

You should treat your grandmother with proper filial respect.

课本里有舜孝顺的故事。

Kèběn lǐ yǒu shùn xiàoshùn de gùshi.

There is a story about Shun's filial devotion in the textbook.

中医常常说到阴阳平衡。

Zhōngyī chángcháng shuō dào yīnyáng pínghéng.

Traditional Chinese medicine often talks about the balance of yin and yang.

古人用阴阳来解释自然。

Gǔrén yòng yīnyáng lái jiěshì zìrán.

Ancient people used yin and yang to explain nature.

五行是哪五种东西？

Wǔxíng shì nǎ wǔzhǒng dōngxi?

Which five things are the five elements?

中医也用五行来讲身体。

Zhōngyī yě yòng wǔxíng láijiǎng shēntǐ.

Traditional Chinese medicine also uses the five elements to explain the body.

他从小就对儒学很感兴趣。

Tā cóngxiǎo jiù duì rúxué hěn gǎnxìngqù.

He has been interested in Confucianism since he was little.

儒学对东亚国家影响很大。

Rúxué duì Dōngyà guójiā yǐngxiǎng hěn dà.

Confucianism has had a great influence on East Asian countries.

儒教重视家庭和教育。

Rújiào zhòngshì jiātíng hé jiàoyù.

Confucianism values family and education.

有人说儒教是一种宗教。

Yǒurén shuō Rújiào shì yìzhǒng zōngjiào.

Some people say Confucianism is a religion.

道教和佛教有什么不同？

Dàojiào hé Fójiào yǒu shénme bùtóng?

What is the difference between Daoism and Buddhism?

道教是中国本土的宗教。

Dàojiào shì Zhōngguó běntǔ de zōngjiào.

Daoism is a native religion of China.

这本道德经我读了三遍。

Zhè běn Dàodéjīng wǒ dúle sān biàn.

I have read this copy of the Tao Te Ching three times.

古人相信天人合一。

Gǔrén xiāngxìn tiānrénhéyī.

The ancients believed in the oneness of heaven and humanity.

天人合一是什么意思？

Tiānrénhéyī shì shénme yìsi?

What does the unity of heaven and man mean?

他做事讲究中庸，从不走极端。

Tā zuòshì jiǎngjiu zhōngyōng, cóngbù zǒujíduān.

He believes in the golden mean and never goes to extremes.

他为人重义，朋友都信任他。

Tā wèi rén zhòng yì, péngyou dōu xìnrèn tā.

He values righteousness, so his friends all trust him.

你觉得智和知识一样吗？

Nǐ juéde zhì hé zhīshi yíyàng ma?

Do you think wisdom is the same as knowledge?

他对朋友一向很忠。

Tā duì péngyou yíxiàng hěn zhōng.

He has always been loyal to his friends.

狗是一种忠诚的动物。

Gǒu shì yìzhǒng zhōngchéng de dòngwù.

Dogs are a loyal kind of animal.

京剧里红脸谱代表忠诚。

Jīngjù lǐ hóng liǎnpǔ dàibiǎo zhōngchéng.

In Peking opera, a red face makeup stands for loyalty.

他以君子之道生活。

Tā yǐ jūnzǐ zhī dào shēnghuó.

He lived a moral life.

君子应该说话算数。

Jūnzǐ yīnggāi shuōhuàsuànshù.

A person of noble character should keep their word.

他是个卑鄙小人。

Tā shì gè bēibǐ xiǎorén.

He is a despicable person.

别理他，他就是个小人。

Biélǐ tā, tā jiùshì gè xiǎorén.

Ignore him, he's just a nasty person.

古代学生都要读圣人的书。

Gǔdài xuésheng dōu yào dú shèngrén de shū.

Students in ancient times all had to read the books of the Sage.

他很敬佩古代的贤人。

Tā hěn jìngpèi gǔdài de xiánrén.

He greatly admires the wise men of ancient times.

贤人的话，今天还有用。

Xiánrén dehuà, jīntiān háiyǒu yòng.

The words of the wise men of the past are still useful today.

你怎样理解修身？

Nǐ zěnyàng lǐjiě xiūshēn?

How do you understand self-cultivation?

古人为什么重视修身？

Gǔrén wèishénme zhòngshì xiūshēn?

Why did the ancients place so much importance on self-cultivation?

有没有修养，看他怎么对人。

Yǒuméiyǒu xiūyǎng, kàn tā zěnme duì rén.

Whether someone is well cultivated shows in how he treats people.

一个人的修养可以从小事看出来。

Yí gè rén de xiūyǎng kěyǐ cóng xiǎoshì kàn chūlái.

You can tell a person's self-cultivation from small things.

五常中的哪一条最难做到？

Wǔcháng zhōng de nǎ yìtiáo zuì nán zuòdào?

Which of the Five Constant Virtues is the hardest to live up to?

她没有一点礼仪。

Tā méiyǒu yìdiǎn lǐyí.

She has no manners at all.

吃饭时的礼仪很重要。

Chīfàn shí de lǐyí hěn zhòngyào.

Etiquette at the dinner table is very important.

这门课讲的是伦理问题。

Zhè mén kèjiǎng de shì lúnlǐ wèntí.

This course is about ethical issues.

用动物做实验符合伦理吗？

Yòng dòngwù zuò shíyàn fúhé lúnlǐ ma?

Is it ethical to experiment on animals?

人性本来就很复杂。

Rénxìng běnlái jiù hěn fùzá.

Human nature is complicated to begin with.

他终于流露出了人性的一面。

Tā zhōngyú liú lùchūle rénxìng de yímiàn.

He finally showed his human side.

做实验就是格物致知。

Zuò shíyàn jiùshì géwùzhìzhī.

Doing experiments is precisely investigating things to gain knowledge.

学者们都讲究格物致知。

Xuézhěmen dōu jiǎngjiu géwùzhìzhī.

The scholars all stressed investigating things to gain knowledge.

他相信天道不会被人改变。

Tā xiāngxìn tiāndào búhuì bèi rén gǎibiàn.

He believes the Way of Heaven cannot be changed by people.

天道运行，自有它的规律。

Tiāndào yùnxíng, zìyǒu tā de guīlǜ.

The Way of Heaven runs its course according to its own laws.

老人说自己天命将尽。

Lǎorén shuō zìjǐ Tiānmìng jiāng jǐn.

The old man said his days were nearly over.

你真想逍遥一辈子吗？

Nǐ zhēn xiǎng xiāoyáo yíbèizi ma?

Do you really want to live free and unfettered all your life?

道家向往逍遥的生活。

Dàojiā xiàngwǎng xiāoyáo de shēnghuó.

Daoists yearn for a carefree, unfettered life.

他最近迷上了老庄的书。

Tā zuìjìn mí shàng le Lǎo Zhuāng de shū.

He's become fascinated with the books of Laozi and Zhuangzi lately.

她喜欢早睡早起来养生。

Tā xǐhuan zǎoshuìzǎoqǐ lái yǎngshēng.

She likes to go to bed and get up early to keep healthy.

早睡早起也是一种养生。

Zǎoshuìzǎoqǐ yě shì yìzhǒng yǎngshēng.

Going to bed and getting up early is also a way to stay healthy.

他抓住了太极的精髓。

Tā zhuāzhùle Tàijí de jīngsuǐ.

He has grasped the essence of tai chi.

书里说，万物都出自太极。

Shū lǐ shuō, wànwù dōu chūzì Tàijí.

The book says that all things come from the Supreme Ultimate.

同事们都爱聊八卦。

Tóngshìmen dōu ài liáo bāguà.

My coworkers all love to chat about gossip.

你听说那个八卦了吗？

Nǐ tīngshuō nàge bāguà le ma?

Have you heard that piece of gossip?

易经是中国很古老的书。

Yìjīng shì Zhōngguó hěn gǔlǎo de shū.

The Book of Changes is a very ancient Chinese book.

易经讲的是变化的道理。

Yìjīng jiǎng de shì biànhuà de dàoli.

The Book of Changes is about the principles of change.

他的想法很辩证，不太极端。

Tā de xiǎngfǎ hěn biànzhèng, bú tài jíduān.

His thinking is quite dialectical and not very extreme.

看问题要辩证，不能太片面。

Kàn wèntí yào biànzhèng, bùnéng tài piànmiàn.

You should look at issues dialectically and not be too one-sided.

法治是社会稳定的基础。

Fǎzhì shì shèhuì wěndìng de jīchǔ.

The rule of law is the foundation of social stability.

他认为法治比人治更公平。

Tā rènwéi fǎzhì bǐ rén zhì gèng gōngpíng.

He believes the rule of law is fairer than rule by individuals.

你了解诸子百家吗？

Nǐ liǎojiě zhūzǐbǎijiā ma?

Do you know much about the Hundred Schools of Thought?

诸子百家的思想影响深远。

Zhūzǐbǎijiā de sīxiǎng yǐngxiǎng shēnyuǎn.

The thought of the Hundred Schools has had a far-reaching influence.

战国出现了百家争鸣。

Zhànguó chūxiànle bǎijiāzhēngmíng.

The Warring States period saw the contention of a hundred schools of thought.

战国时期出现了百家争鸣的局面。

Zhànguó shíqī chūxiànle bǎijiāzhēngmíng de júmiàn.

The Warring States period saw a situation of a hundred schools of thought contending.