The economy: HSK 7-9 经济：HSK 七至九级

利率和通货膨胀很高。

Lìlǜ hé tōnghuòpéngzhàng hěn gāo.

Interest rates and inflation were high.

通货膨胀时，买黄金能保值吗？

Tōnghuòpéngzhàng shí, mǎi huángjīn néng bǎozhí ma?

When inflation is high, can buying gold preserve your wealth?

冬天的街道显得很萧条。

Dōngtiān de jiēdào xiǎnde hěn xiāotiáo.

The streets look bleak in winter.

这几年生意萧条，店都关了。

Zhè jǐnián shēngyi xiāotiáo, diàn dōu guānle.

Business has been in a slump these past few years, and the shops have closed.

人老了，记忆力会慢慢衰退。

Rén lǎole, jìyìlì huì mànmàn shuāituì.

When people get old, their memory slowly declines.

人老了以后，记忆力会慢慢衰退。

Rén lǎole yǐhòu, jìyìlì huì mànmàn shuāituì.

When people get old, their memory slowly declines.

经济在复苏之中。

Jīngjì zài fùsū zhīzhōng.

The economy is picking up.

我希望经济很快复苏起来。

Wǒ xīwàng jīngjì hěn kuài fùsū qǐlai.

I hope the economy picks up soon.

今年餐饮业景气吗？

Jīnnián cānyǐnyè jǐngqì ma?

Is the restaurant industry doing well this year?

你觉得明年的经济会景气起来吗？

Nǐ juéde míngnián de jīngjì huì jǐngqì qǐlai ma?

Do you think the economy will pick up next year?

最近生意不景气。

Zuìjìn shēngyi bùjǐngqì.

Business has been slack lately.

经济不景气，工作不好找。

Jīngjì bùjǐngqì, gōngzuò bù hǎo zhǎo.

With the economy in a slump, jobs are hard to find.

看问题要宏观一点儿。

Kàn wèntí yào hóngguān yìdiǎnr.

You should look at problems in a more holistic way.

做计划要有宏观的眼光。

Zuò jìhuà yào yǒu hóngguān de yǎnguāng.

When making plans, you need a broad, big-picture view.

微观和宏观有什么不同？

Wēiguān hé hóngguān yǒu shénme bùtóng?

What is the difference between micro and macro?

从微观角度看，问题很复杂。

Cóng wēiguān jiǎodù kàn, wèntí hěn fùzá.

Viewed from a micro perspective, the problem is very complex.

老师在讲国内生产总值。

Lǎoshī zài jiǎng guónèishēngchǎnzǒngzhí.

The teacher is talking about GDP.

今年国内生产总值增长了。

Jīnnián guónèishēngchǎnzǒngzhí zēngzhǎngle.

This year's GDP has grown.

国家的财政收入增加了。

Guójiā de cáizhèng shōurù zēngjiāle.

The country's fiscal revenue has increased.

俄罗斯面临着严重的财政困难。

Éluósī miànlínzhe yánzhòng de cáizhèng kùnnan.

Russia is facing great financial difficulties.

我们去年遇到了赤字。

Wǒmen qùnián yùdàole chìzì.

We went into the red last year.

这场生意正面临着赤字。

Zhè chǎng shēngyi zhèng miànlínzhe chìzì.

The business is in the red.

利率还是低。

Lìlǜ háishi dī.

Interest rates are still low.

现在的贷款利率很高。

Xiànzài de dàikuǎn lìlǜ hěn gāo.

Interest on loans is high at present.

减轻税收是一项仁政。

Jiǎnqīng shuìshōu shì yí xiàng rénzhèng.

Reducing taxes is a benevolent policy.

税收就是合法的抢劫。

Shuìshōu jiùshì héfǎ de qiǎngjié.

Taxes are just legal robbery.

什么是通货紧缩？

Shénme shì tōnghuòjǐnsuō?

What is deflation?

专家担心出现通货紧缩。

Zhuānjiā dānxīn chūxiàn tōnghuòjǐnsuō.

Experts are worried that deflation will occur.

身体会自己调控血糖的高低。

Shēntǐ huì zìjǐ tiáokòng xuètáng de gāodī.

The body regulates its own blood sugar levels.

空调会自动调控房间里的温度。

Kōngtiáo huì zìdòng tiáokòng fángjiān lǐ de wēndù.

The air conditioner automatically regulates the temperature in the room.

教育体制需要改革。

Jiàoyù tǐzhì xūyào gǎigé.

The education system needs reform.

他认为现行的体制需要改革。

Tā rènwéi xiànxíng de tǐzhì xūyào gǎigé.

He thinks the current system needs reform.

市场经济是什么意思？

Shìchǎngjīngjì shì shénme yìsi?

What does market economy mean?

市场经济需要公平的竞争。

Shìchǎngjīngjì xūyào gōngpíng de jìngzhēng.

A market economy needs fair competition.

你了解计划经济吗？

Nǐ liǎojiě jìhuàjīngjì ma?

Do you know much about planned economies?

以前这里实行计划经济。

Yǐqián zhèlǐ shíxíng jìhuàjīngjì.

This place used to have a planned economy.

全球化让商品更便宜了。

Quánqiúhuà ràng shāngpǐn gèng piányile.

Globalization has made goods cheaper.

全球化让贸易更方便了。

Quánqiúhuà ràng màoyì gèng fāngbiànle.

Globalization has made trade more convenient.

他曾经反对垄断。

Tā céngjīng fǎnduì lǒngduàn.

He was opposed to monopolies.

法律不允许企业垄断价格。

Fǎlǜ bù yǔnxǔ qǐyè lǒngduàn jiàgé.

The law doesn't allow companies to monopolize prices.

农业是第一产业。

Nóngyè shì dìyīchǎnyè.

Agriculture is part of the primary industry.

养鱼也属于第一产业吗？

Yǎngyú yě shǔyú dìyīchǎnyè ma?

Does raising fish also count as primary industry?

工厂属于第二产业。

Gōngchǎng shǔyú dì'èrchǎnyè.

Factories belong to the secondary industry.

这座城市以第二产业为主。

Zhè zuò chéngshì yǐ dì'èrchǎnyè wéizhǔ.

This city is mainly based on the secondary industry.

银行属于第三产业。

Yínháng shǔyú dìsānchǎnyè.

Banks belong to the tertiary industry.

现在第三产业赚的钱最多。

Xiànzài dìsānchǎnyè zhuàn de qián zuì duō.

These days the tertiary industry earns the most money.

她在服务业工作，常常很忙。

Tā zài fúwùyè gōngzuò, chángcháng hěn máng.

She works in the service sector and is often very busy.

这几年，服务业发展得很快。

Zhè jǐnián, fúwùyè fāzhǎn de hěn kuài.

The service sector has grown quickly in recent years.

他在制造业工作了二十年。

Tā zài zhìzàoyè gōngzuòle èrshí nián.

He has worked in manufacturing for twenty years.

制造业给当地人提供了很多工作。

Zhìzàoyè gěi dāngdì rén tígōngle hěn duō gōngzuò.

Manufacturing has given local people many jobs.

老板打算明年扩大产能。

Lǎobǎn dǎsuàn míngnián kuòdà chǎnnéng.

The boss plans to expand production capacity next year.

订单太多，现有的产能不够用。

Dìngdān tài duō, xiànyǒu de chǎnnéng búgòu yòng.

There are too many orders, and our current production capacity isn't enough.

传统商店为什么要转型？

Chuántǒng shāngdiàn wèishénme yào zhuǎnxíng?

Why do traditional shops need to change their business model?

这家工厂正在努力转型。

Zhè jiā gōngchǎng zhèngzài nǔlì zhuǎnxíng.

This factory is working hard to transform itself.

出口少了，内需就更重要。

Chūkǒu shǎole, nèixū jiù gèng zhòngyào.

With exports down, domestic demand matters even more.

扩大内需能帮助经济增长。

Kuòdà nèixū néng bāngzhù jīngjì zēngzhǎng.

Expanding domestic demand can help the economy grow.

我父亲经营外贸多年。

Wǒ fùqīn jīngyíng wàimào duōnián.

My father has been engaged in foreign trade for many years.

他大学学的是外贸，英语很好。

Tā dàxué xué de shì wàimào, Yīngyǔ hěn hǎo.

He studied foreign trade in college, and his English is very good.

报道说顺差又扩大了。

Bàodào shuō shùnchā yòu kuòdàle.

The report says the surplus has widened again.

出口大于进口，就会出现顺差。

Chūkǒu dàyú jìnkǒu, jiù huì chūxiàn shùnchā.

When exports exceed imports, a surplus appears.

提高关税，东西会变贵吗？

Tígāo guānshuì, dōngxi huì biàn guì ma?

If tariffs are raised, will things get more expensive?

进口汽车要交很高的关税。

Jìnkǒu qìchē yào jiāo hěn gāo de guānshuì.

You have to pay a very high customs duty on imported cars.

利润同比增加了多少？

Lìrùn tóngbǐ zēngjiāle duōshǎo?

By how much did profits increase year on year?

今年收入同比增长一成。

Jīnnián shōurù tóngbǐ zēngzhǎng yì chéng.

Income this year grew ten percent year on year.

房地产的泡沫终于破了。

Fángdìchǎn de pàomò zhōngyú pòle.

The property bubble has finally burst.

这杯咖啡上的泡沫很细。

Zhè bēi kāfēi shàng de pàomò hěn xì.

The foam on this coffee is very fine.

黄金的价格每天波动。

Huángjīn de jiàgé měitiān bōdòng.

The price of gold fluctuates daily.

湖面随着微风轻轻波动。

Hú miàn suízhe wēifēng qīngqīng bōdòng.

The surface of the lake ripples gently in the breeze.

今年我们会盈利的。

Jīnnián wǒmen huì yínglì de.

We'll be profitable this year.

投资股票的盈利要交税吗？

Tóuzī gǔpiào de yínglì yào jiāoshuì ma?

Do you have to pay tax on gains from investing in stocks?

政府想办法缩小贫富差距。

Zhèngfǔ xiǎng bànfǎ suōxiǎo pínfùchājù.

The government is trying to narrow the wealth gap.

这几年，贫富差距越来越大了。

Zhè jǐnián, pínfùchājù yuèláiyuè dàle.

In recent years, the gap between rich and poor has grown wider and wider.

他家过上了小康生活。

Tājiā guò shàng le Xiǎokāng shēnghuó.

His family now lives a moderately comfortable life.

我家不富，但也算小康。

Wǒjiā bú fù, dàn yě suàn Xiǎokāng.

My family isn't rich, but we're fairly well-off.

他父亲开了一家私营工厂。

Tā fùqīn kāile yìjiā sīyíng gōngchǎng.

His father opened a privately-owned factory.

他爸爸在一家私营工厂上班。

Tā bàba zài yìjiā sīyíng gōngchǎng shàngbān.

His father works at a privately-owned factory.

我叔叔在一家国有银行工作。

Wǒ shūshu zài yìjiā guóyǒu yínháng gōngzuò.

My uncle works at a state-owned bank.

那家工厂后来被收归国有了。

Nà jiā gōngchǎng hòulái bèi shōuguī guóyǒu le.

That factory was later nationalized.

可持续发展对经济很重要。

Kěchíxùfāzhǎn duì jīngjì hěn zhòngyào.

Sustainable development is very important for the economy.

只顾赚钱，不可能有可持续发展。

Zhǐgù zhuànqián, bù kěnéng yǒu kěchíxùfāzhǎn.

If you only care about making money, there can be no sustainable development.

中国是资本主义国家。

Zhōngguó shì zīběnzhǔyì guójiā.

China is a capitalist country.

资本主义国家也有社会保障。

Zīběnzhǔyì guójiā yě yǒu shèhuìbǎozhàng.

Capitalist countries also have social security.

去年农业产值增加了一倍。

Qùnián nóngyè chǎnzhí zēngjiāle yíbèi.

Last year's agricultural output value doubled.

旅游业的产值每年都在增长。

Lǚyóuyè de chǎnzhí měinián dōu zài zēngzhǎng.

The output value of the tourism industry grows every year.

买车前先了解一下行情。

Mǎi chē qián xiān liǎojiě yíxià hángqíng.

Check the going prices before you buy a car.

行情不好，生意很难做。

Hángqíng bù hǎo, shēngyi hěn nán zuò.

The market is weak, so business is hard.

在二的三次方里，三是指数。

Zài èr de sāncìfāng lǐ, sān shì zhǐshù.

In two to the power of three, three is the exponent.

病毒的传播速度呈指数增长。

Bìngdú de chuánbō sùdù chéng zhǐshù zēngzhǎng.

The virus spread at an exponential rate.

米价下跌了。

Mǐ jià xiàdiēle.

The price of rice has come down.

肉价下跌了。

Ròu jià xiàdiēle.

The price of meat dropped.

钱放着不动，会慢慢贬值。

Qián fàngzhe bú dòng, huì mànmàn biǎnzhí.

Money left sitting idle will slowly depreciate.

随着通货膨胀的发展美元贬值了。

Suízhe tōnghuòpéngzhàng de fāzhǎn měiyuán biǎnzhíle.

The value of the dollar declines as the rate of inflation rises.

她大学学的是财经专业。

Tā dàxué xué de shì cáijīng zhuānyè.

She studied finance and economics at university.

我爸爸每天看财经新闻。

Wǒ bàba měitiān kàn cáijīng xīnwén.

My dad watches the finance news every day.

不同国家的经济体制并不一样。

Bùtóng guójiā de jīngjìtǐzhì bìng bù yíyàng.

Different countries have different economic systems.

经济体制不同，政策也不一样。

Jīngjìtǐzhì bùtóng, zhèngcè yě bù yíyàng.

The economic systems differ, so the policies are different too.

房子的价格跟供求有关。

Fángzi de jiàgé gēn gōngqiú yǒuguān.

House prices are related to supply and demand.

供求不平衡，价格就会变。

Gōngqiú bù pínghéng, jiàgé jiù huì biàn.

When supply and demand are out of balance, prices change.

经济长期停滞，大家都很担心。

Jīngjì chángqī tíngzhì, dàjiā dōu hěn dānxīn.

The economy has been stagnant for a long time, and everyone is worried.

因为下大雪，路上的车都停滞了。

Yīnwèi xià dàxuě, lùshang de chē dōu tíngzhìle.

Because of the heavy snow, the traffic on the road came to a standstill.