五口通商

1. • the five treaty ports forced on Qing China by the 1842 treaty of Nanjing 南京条约 that concluded the First Opium War, namely: Guangzhou 广州, Fuzhou 福州, Ningbo 宁波, Xiamen or Amoy 厦门 and Shanghai 上海

Character by character

• 五(wǔ)five
• 口(kǒu)mouth
• 通(tōng)go through
• 商(shāng)commerce