How to use 长 (cháng) and 久 (jiǔ) correctly in Chinese grammar
The words 长 (cháng) and 久 (jiǔ) can both be used to express “long” or “length” in Mandarin Chinese. 长 can be used to talk about physical lengths in space and lengths of time, while 久 is exclusively for lengths of time.
Here's how to use 长 and 久 correctly.
长 (cháng): physical length in space, or length of time
长 is the more versatile of these two words. It can be used to describe both spatial and temporal lengths.
Using 长 to talk about spatial lengths
Exampes:
这篇文章不太长。
祝您健康长寿。
长城和长江都很长。
Note that 长 can be used to describe the length of time-like things, such as films, songs or stories. For example:
这部电影太长了。
流行歌一般都不长。
他给我们讲了一个很长的故事。
Time and space are metaphorically linked in most languages. Using 长 in this way describes the length that the film or story takes up in a visual image of time. 久 cannot be used in this way: it can only directly refer to time.
As always, it's best to avoid over-analysing the grammar and focus on getting more exposure to natural usage.
Using 长 with 时间 (shíjiān) to talk about lengths of time
As well as describing time-like things, 长 can also be combined with the word 时间 (shíjiān) to describe lengths of time explicitly.
Some examples:
寄到这里需要多长时间？
他当老师的时间不太长。
处理这件事要很长时间。
时间长了，我就无聊了。
你在这家公司工作了多长时间了？
你每天工作多长时间？
Note that in these examples, 时间 is required for the sentence to be valid. 长 cannot directly describe lengths of time on its own.
久 (jiǔ): length of time
Like 长，the word 久 is used to talk about lengths of time. Unlike 长, 久 can only describe time and nothing else.
A classic example is this saying which has ended up with a literal borrowing in English:
好久不见！
Notice how 久 is about time by itself: intensifying it with 好 makes it “a long time”.
Some more examples of using 久 to talk about lengths of time:
你在这家公司工作了多久了？
那已经是很久以前的事了。
不久之后，他就回来了。
太久了，我们不能再等。
你等了多久?
你等了多久了?
Notice that 多久 and 多长时间 are usually interchangeable:
你等了多长时间?
你等了多长时间了?
Using 久 with 时间
久 can also be used with 时间, often without changing the meaning from 久 alone. In those cases 时间 is probably added to balance the sentence or add emphasis.
Some examples:
我想知道这需要多久时间。
我想知道这需要多久。
咱们已经花了很久时间了。
长久 (chángjiǔ): a long time
Finally, the two characters 长 and 久 can be combined into a single word: 长久 (chángjiǔ), meaning “a long time”.
An example:
希望我们能长久合作。
More A2 articles
- The 是…的 (shì…de) construction vs 了 (le) in Chinese grammar A2
- How to use 长 (cháng) and 久 (jiǔ) correctly in Chinese grammar A2
- The difference between 去 (qù), 走 (zǒu) and 离开 (líkāi) in Chinese grammar A2
