When 给 (gěi) comes directly after verbs in Mandarin Chinese (verb-给 compounds)
The word 给 (gěi) is often used in Chinese as a preposition meaning “for” or “to”. In other words, 给 can be used to talk about doing something for someone or _to _someone. One way to do this is with so-called verb-给 compounds.
All that verb-给 compound means is a verb immediately followed by 给. For example:
请讲给我听。
In that sentence, you can see 讲给 as a compound verb meaning “to tell to” or “to tell [someone] about”. This is a very common way to talk about doing something for or to someone in Chinese.
Some common verb-给 compounds
There are quite a few verbs in Chinese that often appear in verb-给 compounds. It might be helpful to watch out for them in the course of your studies. We've listed some of the most common ones here.
寄给 (jìgěi): to mail to
寄给 is a very easy way to talk about posting something to someone, for example:
他们寄给我一张圣诞卡。
您能否寄给我一份申请表?
递给 (dìgěi): to pass to
This compound is used all the time in everyday life, usually when asking other people to hand something to you. E.g.:
请把盐递给我。
她把酒递给他。
交给 (jiāogěi): to hand in to
If you take Chinese classes, you will almost certainly hear the teacher use 交给. Some examples:
请把作业按时交给我。
我把作业交给老师。
卖给 (màigěi): to sell to
This is a very common way to talk about selling things to people. Examples:
你不能把酒卖给未成年人。
这个不卖给一般人。
还给 (huángěi): to give back to
This is commonly used to talk about giving things back to people or returning them:
那本书你还给图书馆了吗?
我会尽早还给你这笔钱。
Verb-给 compounds often go with 把 (bǎ)
You might have noticed that a lot of the verb-给 compounds in the sentences above appeared in a 把 (bǎ) structure. This is because the 把 structure is used to talk about the disposal of the object (what happened to the object in the end).
If the object is getting mailed, passed around, handed in, sold or returned, then it is being directly affected and so the 把 structure is a good choice.
The structure for this is:
Don't worry if you don't know the difference between direct and indirect objects. Just note that there are two objects in this structure.
A few examples of verb-给 compounds in 把 structures:
学生们已经把论文交给导师了。
他不小心把照片寄给老板了。
不要把你的责任推诿给他人。
A more common structure with 给
Note that 给 can also be used as a preposition without being in a verb-给 compound. This is actually more common. We're explaining verb-给 compounds here because they're important to know about, but there's actually a more common way to arrange these sentences.
The structure for this is:
Again, don't worry if you don't know the difference between direct and indirect objects. What matters is that there are two objects here. Let's have a look at some examples for this common structure:
我买了一些吃的给你。
我要写一封信给他。
Also remember that sentences with 给 are also commonly expressed using 把, as described above.
她把那本书送给男朋友了。
More B1 articles
- How to use 一点儿 (yī diǎnr) in Mandarin Chinese Grammar B1
- How to use 关于 (guānyú) and 对于 (duìyú) correctly in Chinese B1
- Understanding 把 (bǎ) in ten minutes B1