Chinese philosophy: advanced 哲学思想：高级

你了解三纲五常吗？

Nǐ liǎojiě sāngāngwǔcháng ma?

Do you know about the Three Bonds and Five Virtues?

现代人怎么看待三纲五常呢？

Xiàndàirén zěnme kàndài sāngāngwǔcháng ne?

How do people today view the Three Bonds and Five Constant Virtues?

儒家提倡中庸之道。

Rújiā tíchàng zhōngyōngzhīdào.

Confucianism advocates the doctrine of the mean.

做事要讲究中庸之道，别太极端。

Zuòshì yào jiǎngjiu zhōngyōngzhīdào, bié tài jíduān.

Do things with moderation and don't go to extremes.

医生对病人充满仁爱。

Yīshēng duì bìngrén chōngmǎn rén'ài.

The doctor is full of compassion for his patients.

社会需要更多的仁爱。

Shèhuì xūyào gèng duō de rén'ài.

Society needs more charity.

减轻税收是一项仁政。

Jiǎnqīng shuìshōu shì yí xiàng rénzhèng.

Reducing taxes is a benevolent policy.

你觉得古代真有仁政吗？

Nǐ juéde gǔdài zhēn yǒu rénzhèng ma?

Do you think there was ever really humane government in ancient times?

儒家理想的政治是德治。

Rújiā lǐxiǎng de zhèngzhì shì dézhì.

The Confucian political ideal is rule by virtue.

德治要求当官的人先做好榜样。

Dézhì yāoqiú dāngguān de rén xiān zuò hǎo bǎngyàng.

Rule by virtue requires officials to set a good example first.

那个时代的礼教很严格。

Nàge shídài de lǐjiào hěn yángé.

The Confucian code of ethics was very strict in that era.

礼教真的能约束人们的行为吗？

Lǐjiào zhēnde néng yuēshù rénmen de xíngwéi ma?

Can the code of rites really restrain people's behavior?

周朝很重视礼乐制度。

Zhōucháo hěn zhòngshì lǐyuè zhìdù.

The Zhou dynasty placed great importance on the system of rites and music.

礼乐为什么能影响人们的生活？

Lǐyuè wèishénme néng yǐngxiǎng rénmen de shēnghuó?

Why could rites and music influence people's lives?

你同意性恶论的看法吗？

Nǐ tóngyì xìng'èlùn de kànfǎ ma?

Do you agree with the view that human nature is evil?

他写了一篇关于性恶论的文章。

Tā xiěle yìpiān guānyú xìng'èlùn de wénzhāng.

He wrote an essay about the theory that human nature is evil.

我在图书馆借了一本荀子。

Wǒ zài túshūguǎn jièle yìběn Xúnzǐ.

I borrowed a copy of the Xunzi from the library.

荀子是战国时期有名的思想家。

Xúnzǐ shì zhànguó shíqī yǒumíng de sīxiǎngjiā.

Xunzi was a famous thinker of the Warring States period.

朱熹的书你读过吗？

Zhū Xī de shū nǐ dúguo ma?

Have you read any of Zhu Xi's books?

朱熹是理学的代表人物。

Zhū Xī shì lǐxué de dàibiǎo rénwù.

Zhu Xi is a leading figure of Neo-Confucianism.

董仲舒影响了汉朝的政治。

Dǒng Zhòngshū yǐngxiǎngle hàncháo de zhèngzhì.

Dong Zhongshu influenced the politics of the Han dynasty.

董仲舒提出了天人感应的学说。

Dǒng Zhòngshū tíchūle tiānréngǎnyìng de xuéshuō.

Dong Zhongshu put forward the doctrine of correspondence between Heaven and humanity.

他研究理学已经二十年了。

Tā yánjiū lǐxué yǐjīng èrshí nián le.

He has been studying Neo-Confucianism for twenty years.

在理学里，格物是学习的第一步。

Zài lǐxué lǐ, géwù shì xuéxí de dìyībù.

In neo-Confucianism, investigating things is the first step of learning.

新儒家出现在二十世纪。

Xīnrújiā chūxiàn zài èrshíshìjì.

New Confucianism appeared in the twentieth century.

这位教授专门研究新儒家的思想。

Zhèwèi jiàoshòu zhuānmén yánjiū Xīnrújiā de sīxiǎng.

This professor specializes in the thought of New Confucianism.

庄周梦蝶让我想了很久。

Zhuāngzhōumèngdié ràng wǒ xiǎngle hěn jiǔ.

Zhuangzi's butterfly dream made me think for a long time.

这幅画画的是庄周梦蝶。

Zhè fú huàhuà de shì zhuāngzhōumèngdié.

This painting depicts Zhuangzi dreaming of a butterfly.

辩证法讲的是矛盾和变化。

Biànzhèngfǎ jiǎng de shì máodùn hé biànhuà.

Dialectics is about contradiction and change.

这门课主要讲辩证法的基本观点。

Zhè mén kè zhǔyào jiǎng biànzhèngfǎ de jīběn guāndiǎn.

This course mainly covers the basic ideas of dialectics.

你了解墨家的思想吗？

Nǐ liǎojiě mòjiā de sīxiǎng ma?

Do you know about Mohist thought?

兼爱是墨家的核心思想。

Jiān'ài shì mòjiā de héxīn sīxiǎng.

Impartial love is the core idea of Mohism.

墨子最早研究小孔成像。

Mòzǐ zuì zǎo yánjiū Xiǎo Kǒng chéngxiàng.

Mozi was among the first to study pinhole imaging.

墨子不但会思考，还懂得造机械。

Mòzǐ búdàn huì sīkǎo, hái dǒngde zào jīxiè.

Mozi could not only think deeply but also build machinery.

做到兼爱其实一点也不容易。

Zuòdào jiān'ài qíshí yìdiǎn yě bù róngyì.

Practicing impartial love is actually not easy at all.

兵家和法家有什么不同？

Bīngjiā hé fǎjiā yǒu shénme bùtóng?

How does the Military School differ from the Legalists?

法家认为奖罚必须分明。

Fǎjiā rènwéi jiǎngfá bìxū fēnmíng.

The Legalists held that rewards and punishments must be clear.

图书馆里有没有韩非子？

Túshūguǎn lǐ yǒuméiyǒu Hán Fēizǐ?

Does the library have a copy of the Han Feizi?

韩非子是战国时期的法家。

Hán Fēizǐ shì zhànguó shíqī de fǎjiā.

Han Feizi was a Legalist of the Warring States period.

兵家是诸子百家之一。

Bīngjiā shì zhūzǐbǎijiā zhīyī.

The School of Military Strategy is one of the Hundred Schools of Thought.

名家很爱讨论逻辑问题。

Míngjiā hěn ài tǎolùn luóji wèntí.

The School of Names loved to discuss questions of logic.

这幅画是仿名家的作品画的。

Zhè fú huà shì fǎng míngjiā de zuòpǐn huà de.

This painting was copied from a famous artist's work.

我外婆对禅宗很感兴趣。

Wǒ wàipó duì chánzōng hěn gǎnxìngqù.

My grandmother is very interested in Zen Buddhism.

禅宗的故事常常很简短。

Chánzōng de gùshi chángcháng hěn jiǎnduǎn.

Zen stories are often very short.

国与国之间也需要礼让。

Guó yǔ guó zhījiān yě xūyào lǐràng.

Comity is needed between nations too.

儒家提倡人与人互相礼让。

Rújiā tíchàng rén yǔ rén hùxiāng lǐràng.

Confucianism encourages people to show consideration for one another.

老子说过要以德报怨。

Lǎozi shuōguo yào yǐdébàoyuàn.

Laozi said that one should return good for evil.

他被骂了，却以德报怨。

Tā bèi màle, què yǐdébàoyuàn.

He was cursed at, yet he repaid it with kindness.

这所学校坚持有教无类。

Zhè suǒ xuéxiào jiānchí yǒujiàowúlèi.

This school insists on education for everyone, whatever their background.

有教无类影响了中国教育。

Yǒujiàowúlèi yǐngxiǎngle Zhōngguó jiàoyù.

The principle of education for all has influenced Chinese education.

重读经典能温故知新。

Chóngdú jīngdiǎn néng wēngùzhīxīn.

Rereading the classics lets you gain new insight from old ideas.

考试前我常常温故知新。

Kǎoshì qián wǒ chángcháng wēngùzhīxīn.

Before exams I often review old material to learn something new.

上善若水是什么意思？

Shàngshànruòshuǐ shì shénme yìsi?

What does "the highest good is like water" mean?

老子为什么说上善若水？

Lǎozi wèishénme shuō shàngshànruòshuǐ?

Why did Laozi say that the highest good is like water?

他退休后想返璞归真。

Tā tuìxiū hòu xiǎng fǎnpúguīzhēn.

After retiring, he wanted to return to a simple, true way of life.

庄子为何要人返璞归真？

Zhuāngzǐ wèihé yào rén fǎnpúguīzhēn?

Why did Zhuangzi want people to return to their natural state?

做错事后，他良知不安。

Zuò cuòshì hòu, tā liángzhī bù'ān.

After doing wrong, his conscience was troubled.

心学认为人人生来有良知。

Xīn xué rènwéi rén rénshēng lái yǒu liángzhī.

The School of Mind holds that everyone is born with an innate sense of right and wrong.

般若要靠修行才能得到。

Bōrě yào kào xiūxíng cáinéng dédào.

Prajna can only be gained through spiritual practice.

他读经多年，渐渐懂了般若。

Tā dújīng duōnián, jiànjiàn dǒngle bōrě.

After years of reading scriptures, he gradually came to understand prajna.

菩提的意思就是觉悟。

Pútí de yìsi jiùshì juéwù.

Bodhi simply means awakening.

他修行是为了求得菩提。

Tā xiūxíng shì wèile qiúdé pútí.

He practices in order to attain enlightenment.

四季轮流变化，本是天理。

Sìjì lúnliú biànhuà, běn shì tiānlǐ.

The seasons change in turn, as is the natural order of things.

这样欺负老人，还有天理吗？

Zhèyàng qīfu lǎorén, háiyǒu tiānlǐ ma?

Bullying an old person like this, is there any justice left in Heaven?

顿悟不是靠读书得来的。

Dùnwù bú shì kào dúshū delái de.

Sudden enlightenment isn't something you get from reading books.

坐了三年，他终于顿悟了。

Zuòle sān nián, tā zhōngyú dùnwùle.

After sitting for three years, he finally had his moment of realization.

什么是儒家所说的道统？

Shénme shì rújiā suǒshuō de dàotǒng?

What is the orthodox transmission of the Dao that Confucians talk about?

学者们为道统争论了很久。

Xuézhěmen wèi dàotǒng zhēnglùnle hěn jiǔ.

Scholars argued over Confucian orthodoxy for a long time.

他克己复礼，从不乱来。

Tā kèjǐfùlǐ, cóngbú luànlái.

He restrains himself and observes proprieties, and never acts recklessly.

克己复礼是儒家的要求。

Kèjǐfùlǐ shì rújiā de yāoqiú.

Subduing the self and observing proprieties is a Confucian requirement.

他不懂齐家，家里总是很乱。

Tā bù dǒng qíjiā, jiālǐ zǒngshì hěn luàn.

He doesn't know how to run a household, so his home is always a mess.

齐家不容易，要管好大小事。

Qíjiā bù róngyì, yào guǎn hǎo dàxiǎo shì.

Managing a household isn't easy; you have to handle every matter, big and small.

很多人相信因果报应。

Hěn duō rén xiāngxìn yīnguǒbàoyìng.

Many people believe in karma.

做了坏事会有因果报应吗？

Zuòle huàishì huì yǒu yīnguǒbàoyìng ma?

Will doing bad things bring retribution?

晚清时，科学被称为格物。

Wǎnqīng shí, kēxué bèi chēngwéi géwù.

In the late Qing, science was called "gewu".

礼义廉耻是做人的根本。

Lǐyìliánchǐ shì zuòrén de gēnběn.

Propriety, righteousness, integrity and a sense of shame are the foundation of being a person.

礼义廉耻是做人的基本要求。

Lǐyìliánchǐ shì zuòrén de jīběn yāoqiú.

Propriety, justice, integrity and a sense of shame are the basic requirements of being a person.

父亲常用慎独这个词提醒我。

Fùqīn chángyòng shèndú zhège cí tíxǐng wǒ.

My father often reminds me with the word shendu.

君子即使一个人在家，也要慎独。

Jūnzǐ jíshǐ yí gè rén zàijiā, yě yào shèndú.

A gentleman should stay upright even when he is home alone.

他从小就梦想着平天下。

Tā cóngxiǎo jiù mèngxiǎng zhe píngtiānxià.

Since childhood he has dreamed of bringing peace to the world.

古代读书人志在平天下。

Gǔdài dúshūrén zhì zài píngtiānxià.

Scholars in ancient times aspired to bring peace to the world.

老师讲了涅槃的故事。

Lǎoshī jiǎngle nièpán de gùshi.

The teacher told a story about nirvana.

和尚说，涅槃就是摆脱一切痛苦。

Héshang shuō, nièpán jiùshì bǎituō yíqiè tòngkǔ.

The monk said that nirvana is freeing oneself from all suffering.

你相信天人感应这种古代观点吗？

Nǐ xiāngxìn tiānréngǎnyìng zhèzhǒng gǔdài guāndiǎn ma?

Do you believe in this ancient view of Heaven-human correspondence?